Chapter 1
At the very close of the 19th century, German chemist Hans von Pechmann noted a precipitate while working with a form of methane in ether. In 1900, Germanchemists Eugen Bamberger and Friedrich Tschirner identified this compound as polymethylene, a very close cousin to polyethylene. Thirty years later, a high-density residue was created by an American chemist at E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company,Inc., Carl Shipp Marvel, by subjecting ethylene to a large amount of pressure.

Chapter 2
The process of designing drainage facilities, including culverts and pipelines, consists of two distinct functions. The engineer must determine the maximum volume of flow to be transported by the drainage facility, and the type and size of drainage structure that will transport that maximum volume of flow.
Many diferent procedures are available to determine design flow and to size drainage structures. Numerous texts and manuals have been developed to guide the design engineer.

Chapter 3
Corrugated HDPE Pipe Characteristics
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is a versatile material and has some ideal characteristics for use in underground structures. HDPE pipe is relatively lightweight allowing for easier and less costly transportation and installation costs. It is not brittle and therefore not susceptible to cracking during pipe handling and installation activities. Once formed into a pipe, HDPE has a smooth surface, which is resistant to abrasion, corrosion and chemical scouring. The smooth surface provides excellent pipeline flow characteristics. HDPE pipe is structurally strong and has the ability tosupport large loads.

Chapter 4
Predictability of a structural design’s performance is one of many important purposes of structural analysis. Elastic analysis of structures requires that very specic conditions at all points within the structure and on its boundary are satised. Forces of action and reaction must be in equilibrium, deformations of adjacent points within and on the boundaries of a structural element must be compatible, and only appropriate stressstrain laws may be employed. If, and only if, displacements of a linear elastic material are small, analysis may be relied upon to be a powerful predictor of performance. Properly designed steel girders experience service displacements of about 0.5%. Corrugated exible steel, aluminum and plastic pipes experience service displacements of about 5%. The larger the displacement, the less reliable are the predictions.

Chapter 5
Overview of Structural Considerations
All pipe, whether exible or rigid, relies on the backll structure to transfer loads into the bedding. As a result, all pipe also must be installed as designed to perform as expected.
This chapter sets forth the design methodology for corrugated polyethylene pipe meeting the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Ocials (AASHTO) M252 and M294 and MP7 used in non-pressure applications

Chapter 6
This chapter provides information on the handling and installation of corrugated polyethylene pipe and ttings in non-pressure applications including most sewers, culverts and subdrainage systems. All types of pipe, regardless of material, must be installed as specied to perform as expected.
The Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA),Safety and Health Regulations for Construction requires observance of its safety and other guidelines during all phases of construction including foundation preparation, excavation, pipe handling, assembly and backlling.

Chapter 7
Durability is the property to resist erosion, material degradation and subsequent loss of function due to environmental and/or other service conditions. Abrasion, chemical corrosion and electrochemical corrosion are the most common durability concerns for drainage pipes. Erosion of drainage pipes by changes in ow patterns also may include: impingement by suspended solid particles or gas bubbles striking the surface; turbulence at pipe entrances and sharp bends, as well as aggregate and sediment deposits. Although an unlikely event for culverts and storm drains, high pressure and sub-atmospheric pressures that may be associated with high velocity ows may cause cavitation.

Chapter 8
Control of the quality of the raw material to be used in the production of pipe is the rst essential and necessary condition for compliance with the specied requirements of the nished product. HDPE resins used to produce corrugated polyethylene pipe must be sampled, tested and approved for use to assure compliance with AASHTO and ASTM cell classication requirements. A resin vendor’s certication characterizing the material (e.g.; virgin material, etc.) and stating compliance with all requirements must accompany all raw material resins used in the manufacture of the pipe